Monday, July 28, 2025

U.S. and Europe Dodge the Bullet of an All-Out Trade War

By Jim Geraghty

Monday, July 28, 2025

 

As far as second-term Trump administration trade deals go, this is a big one. When you add up U.S. trade with all the European Union’s 27 member states, they’re America’s biggest trading partner, and the clock was ticking closer to the August 1 deadline that would have imposed 30 percent tariffs on all EU goods, which would have severely reduced European exports to American consumers.

 

For free traders, it’s not great, but it does at least provide some stability, assuming the president doesn’t change his mind some time down the road.

 

From President Trump’s remarks Sunday, we can discern that the European Union agreed to purchase $750 billion worth of energy from the U.S. and will invest “$600 billion more than they’re investing already,” as well as “agreeing to purchase a vast amount of military equipment. We don’t know what that number is.”

 

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen announced that the price of avoiding a 30 percent tariff was accepting a deal that places a 15 percent tariff on most EU goods headed to America. I say most exports because von der Leyen’s statement said that exempt products included “aircraft and component parts, certain chemicals, certain generics, semiconductor equipment, certain agricultural products, natural resources and critical raw materials. And we will keep working to add more products to this list.”

 

The headline on the European edition of Politico declares Europe “got the deal it craved.”

 

The Financial Times headline is the opposite: “How the EU succumbed to Trump’s tariff steamroller.”

 

Trump began his remarks by saying, “We have the opening up of all of the European countries, which I think I could say were essentially closed.”

 

According to the office of the U.S. Trade Representative, “U.S. goods exports to the European Union in 2024 were $370.2 billion, up 0.7 percent ($2.6 billion) from 2023.” Keep in mind, that’s just goods. The U.S. exported $277 billion in services — business consulting, banking, etc. — to the EU in 2024. That adds up to $647 billion; if U.S. exports in goods and services to the European Union formed their own country, they would rank about 48th in gross domestic product, right around the Czech Republic, below Austria and above Peru.

 

That’s a very curious form of an “essentially closed” market, as President Trump contended.

 

Sunday, Trump continued, “Cars, uh, cars basically, were not invited. We’re not, I, I don’t know if the word is not allowed or just, you know, you just kept ’em out somehow, right?” This is a longstanding vexation of the president; earlier this year, he fumed, “I asked a couple of the leaders — I don’t want to use names — but how many Chevrolets or Fords do you see in the middle of Munich? And the answer is none.”

 

This is not a blanket defense of EU rules, but let’s observe that about 70 percent of the cars made in the United States are SUVs and pickup trucks. If you’ve ever visited a European city, you’ve probably noticed that a lot of their streets are narrow, built upon medieval paths laid out long before the invention of the automobile. Gasoline costs an arm and a leg, thanks to significantly higher taxes. (In August 2024, the Tax Foundation calculated that the taxes on gasoline in Europe range from 42 cents per gallon in Malta to $3.23 per gallon in the Netherlands. That’s not the total cost of the gasoline, that’s just the tax!) The current cost of gasoline in Germany is $1.96 per literargh, darn you, Metric System — or $7.42 per gallon.

 

So, fuel efficiency is likely a much higher priority of a European car buyer than an American one!

 

And as for parking, well, as Bill Bryson wrote:

 

“I love the way the Italians park. You turn any street corner in Rome and it looks as if you’ve just missed a parking competition for blind people. Cars are pointed in every direction, half on the sidewalks and half off, facing in, facing sideways, blocking garages and side streets and phone booths, fitted into spaces so tight that the only possible way out would be through the sun roof.”

 

Shockingly, European urban dwellers in a driving environment of narrow streets, extremely limited parking, and expensive gas aren’t interested in buying SUVs and pickup trucks, which make up a significant chunk of the cars made in America.

 

Now, did the European Union’s 10 percent tariff on American cars hinder sales of U.S.-made cars? Sure. And under this deal, it’s going down to 2.5 percent. But you’re still left with the problem that most cars made in America are poor fits for the needs of the European car buyer.

 

Analyzing the details of the deal is a little tough, because what Trump said and what von der Leyen said did not line up precisely. The Wall Street Journal reports:

 

Trump indicated in comments to the press that his global steel and aluminum tariffs, which are currently at 50 percent, would remain unchanged. Von der Leyen said the two had agreed to a quota system that would keep tariffs lower for some EU metals exports to the U.S.

 

Trump also said the EU had agreed “to open up their countries to trade at zero tariff.” Von der Leyen said the two had agreed to zero-for-zero tariffs for certain strategic products including aircrafts and their parts, certain chemicals, semiconductor equipment and certain agricultural products, among others, and said the two sides would work to add more products to that list.

 

The Journal notes this is part of a pattern in the administration’s trade deals so far:

 

Details on Trump’s other trade deals have also been scant. The administration has released no documentation for deals it claims to have reached with the Philippines or Japan, and details released of the Indonesia deal last week remain incomplete. The U.K.’s framework, released in May, also left some big items unresolved, like steel tariff levels.

 

Hey, has anybody thought about writing these details down during the negotiations? That would probably be helpful.

 

The editors of the Journal are deeply underwhelmed:

 

Alas, the deal doesn’t appear to address America’s biggest commercial grievances with Europe, such as digital taxes, punitive regulation against U.S. tech firms, and such faux food-safety rules as GMO restrictions and bans on hormone-treated U.S. beef. Nor does it require Europeans to pay more for drugs, one of Mr. Trump’s longstanding complaints.

 

Mr. Trump seems to have abandoned these goals in favor of his beloved tariff, which is a tax increase on American consumers and businesses, including for pharmaceutical imports and ingredients. Making Americans pay more for drugs via the tariff is an odd way to punish Europe for its price controls that let it free ride on American drug innovation.

 

The U.S. and Europe dodged the bullet of an all-out trade war starting at the end of the week. The bad news is, we’re getting a 15 percent tariff on most goods instead.

 

Pardon the Interruption . . .

 

For those with deeply flawed reading comprehension skills, no, Thursday’s newsletter did not “agree” with the argument that Ghislaine Maxwell should get a pardon or a commuted sentence.

 

Could Maxwell know something about Jeffrey Epstein’s network and its sordid deeds that could lead to the indictment of other figures? Sure, that’s possible, but keep in mind, Maxwell would be an incredibly weak witness in any future case. Besides her five convictions, the government charged Maxwell with perjury but agreed to drop the charges in 2022 after her conviction on the other, more serious charges, “in light of the victims’ significant interests in bringing closure to this matter and avoiding the trauma of testifying again.”

 

Any accusation from Maxwell would need to be corroborated with other evidence. The defense attorney of anyone accused by Maxwell is likely to argue that she’s making up stories to get herself off the hook, and a jury would have a lot of reasons to greet her testimony with great skepticism, absent serious supporting proof.

 

Even if Maxwell could provide evidence of others involved in Epstein’s sex trafficking, there’s the giant moral problem of letting her walk out of prison. So far, the 63-year-old has served about five years of a 20-year sentence. So, color me extremely skeptical that anything Maxwell has to offer is worth sparing her another 15 years of prison time, unless it comes along with some sort of airtight supporting evidence that will nail some deserving bastards to the wall.

 

On Friday, President Trump spoke to reporters before boarding Marine One:

 

Q: Would you consider a pardon or commutation for Ghislaine Maxwell if —

 

Trump: It’s something I haven’t thought about. It’s really something —

 

Q: If someone recommended it to you —

 

Trump: It’s something — I’m allowed to do it, but it’s something I have not thought about.

 

Now, that is certainly not announcing an intention to pardon Maxwell, but it also is not ruling it out, either. And then on Meet the Press this weekend, House Speaker Mike Johnson punted on the question as well:

 

KRISTEN WELKER: Well, listen, this week, President Trump didn’t rule out a pardon for Ghislaine Maxwell. Of course, that’s one of the big questions looming over all of this. So, let me put this to you, Mr. Speaker, would you support a pardon or a commutation for Ghislaine Maxwell, a convicted sex trafficker?

 

SPEAKER JOHNSON: Well, I mean, obviously that’s a decision of the president. He said he had not adequately considered that. I won’t get it in front of him. That’s not my lane. My lane is to help direct and control the House of Representatives and use every tool within our arsenal to get to the truth. I’m going to say this as clearly and plainly and repeatedly as I can over and over. We are for maximum disclosure. We want all transparency. I trust the American people. I and the House Republicans believe that they should have all this information to be able to determine what they will, but we have to protect the innocent, and that’s the only safeguard here that we’ve got to be diligent about, and I’m insistent upon doing so.

 

There are those who argue that this is all clickbait, and that there is no news value in discussing Epstein, Maxwell, potential new information about Epstein’s criminal network, or a potential pardon.

 

One complication is that the second-highest figure at the Department of Justice spent nine hours over two days interviewing Maxwell; like it or not, that is news. And when the president of the United States refuses to rule out a pardon and the speaker of the House refuses to object to the idea of giving her a pardon, that’s news, too, whether we like it or not.

 

Separately, while this appears to be referring to the Russiagate stuff and not Epstein, someone should probably tell FBI deputy director Dan Bongino that he’s not being helpful when he posts on X:

 

[W]hat I have learned in the course of our properly predicated and necessary investigations into these aforementioned matters, has shocked me down to my core. We cannot run a Republic like this. I’ll never be the same after learning what I’ve learned.

 

The FBI should not be running the social media equivalent of teaser trailers.

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