Thursday, February 27, 2025

There’s Less Than Meets the Eye in the Ukraine Mineral Deal

By Jim Geraghty

Wednesday, February 26, 2025

 

According to the Financial Times and other reports, Zelensky has agreed to terms on the mineral rights deal that President Trump insisted he sign. Zelensky will reportedly travel to Washington later this week.

 

If I were trying to persuade Trump that Ukraine is worth defending, I would point to all that untapped wealth and attempt to get Trump to see Ukrainian land as America’s, or as his.

 

But those mineral resources are not going to be easy to obtain. For starters, two of the six rare earth deposits in Ukraine are underneath land that is currently occupied by Russian forces. And Putin has made his own offer, arguing American companies should mine the minerals in the territories currently under Russian control. If you only see other countries as potential riches to plunder, the bad guys can always make a more tempting offer.

 

Earlier this month, S&P Global conducted its own review of the available information about these deposits and offered a skeptical assessment:

 

Zelenskyy’s rare earths offer is based on exploration activities that took place largely between the 1960s and 1980s, when the Soviet state was actively mapping the area, industry experts said.

 

The deposits would be difficult to develop. Some are stuck behind battle lines or, in the case of the geological record for one of the sites, require advanced processing technology and a stable energy grid to extract. And the valuation of the deposits is based on decades-old data: No sources contacted by Commodity Insights were aware of any commercial exploration or assessment of those deposits in the post-Soviet period.

 

“Unfortunately, there is no modern assessment” of rare earth reserves in Ukraine, Roman Opimakh, former director general of the Ukrainian Geological Survey, told Commodity Insights in an email. “And there is still restriction to make this information public.”

 

The Ukrainian Geological Survey is the government agency responsible for mineral development. . . .

 

“To my knowledge, there are no economically viable rare earth deposits in Ukraine,” said Tony Mariano, an independent geologist consultant with expertise in rare earths exploration. “I have evaluated clay deposits in Ukraine thought to have potential for rare earths but found them not to be viable. This doesn’t mean there aren’t any, only that further exploration and evaluation needs to be done.”

 

I’ll remind you that there are a lot of valuable minerals underneath the ground in Afghanistan, but they’ve proven hard to extract and develop. Go figure, a place run by the Taliban has a “lack of a comprehensive regulatory framework and an effective oversight body.”

 

And you must wonder if those Russian-occupied territories seem like such a safe place to invest in for the foreseeable future. One of the points that I’ve heard, and attempted to share in all three of my trips to Ukraine, is that no matter how bad things get in the war, the Ukrainians in all walks of life insist they will never quit, and they’re never going to acquiesce to Russian occupation. So far on that score, they have walked the walk as well as talked the talk.

 

As Wall Street Journal correspondent Yaroslav Trofimov laid out in his book, Our Enemies Will Vanish, there was a decent amount of soft pro-Russian sentiment in Ukraine before the war. But that evaporated the moment the Russians started executing Ukrainian civilians. Once a country has seen its citizens piled into mass graves like the one in Bucha, nobody wants to forgive and forget.

 

Do you think the Ukrainians — and anti-regime Russians and Chechens — would just let those Russian mining operations get started and continue unmolested? Does this seem like a safe place for a company to invest a lot of money in obtaining land use rights, mining equipment, workers, etc.? (Also, remember, the Russian government only seizes foreign assets on days ending in a “y.”)

 

Still, some experts on the Russian government — among them It Can Always Get Worse Substack writer Kyle Orton — say that the next Russian leader, who didn’t order the whole war in the first place, might be more inclined to conclude that the invasion has cost Russia far too much in blood and treasure. Today, and as long as Putin rules, you must look far and wide to find a Russian who’s willing to publicly declare that invading Ukraine was a terrible mistake. But if Putin fell out of a window — that sort of thing is just an epidemic out there; I guess Russia’s version of OSHA must be the easiest job in the world — it wouldn’t be quite so taboo in Russian society to ask if so little territory was worth suffering one Vietnam War’s worth of killed in action per year. After all, Mikhail Gorbachev was willing to cut his losses in Afghanistan.

 

If you want a lasting peace in Ukraine, the obstacle isn’t Zelensky, and it isn’t the Ukrainians. The obstacle may well not even really be Russia per se — it’s Putin.

 

The American Who’s Helping the Ukrainians Stop the Bleeding

 

Dnipro, Ukraine — In this city, when you’re looking for a “safe space,” you’re not an easily offended delicate snowflake; you’re looking for a reinforced concrete box on the street corner to duck into in case of a Russian air raid.

 

I have met many extraordinary people in my travels in Ukraine, but the trauma aid instructor “Twitch” — given name Steven Smith — with Save One More Life stands out among them. If you’re wondering why everyone calls him Twitch, he explains in a southwestern Virginia drawl, “It’s easier to remember than ‘Steven’ was, and I’ve got Tourette’s. Just watch for five seconds, and you’ll remember.”

 

Twitch spent most of his life in Lynchburg, Va., and was a police officer in Roanoke City. He then moved to Oklahoma City, becoming a trainer in emergency services and trauma care.

 

Readers, there’s no way to tell the story of Twitch without discussing matters of faith. This newsletter doesn’t delve into those matters often, but stick with this. As Twitch put it to me, “I don’t expect everyone else to take the same guidance based on faith that I do, so I won’t take offense if someone else doesn’t. However, that does guide every aspect of my life, so to tell that appropriately, I have to include that.” Also, the rest of this newsletter is going to be a quote sandwich, because Twitch’s story is best told in his own words.

 

After a long stretch of aimlessness and frustration in his life and relationships, Twitch gave his life to Christ. After quite a while of what he called “low-end security jobs,” he became a police officer, and found his new perspective made him hunger for the challenges instead of dreading them:

 

When I got the opportunity to be trained as a cop, I appreciated it. I wanted to be there, I wanted anything they [the trainers] would do to us. I wanted the physical aspects, I wanted it to be hard, and I wanted the benefits of hard training. We had seven months of hard training, and then three months of field training, so a whole year, almost, you’re in that training process.

 

Once I became an officer, I noticed this tendency I had: I wanted to go and render aid to people. Some officers were really driven to go find drugs, or go get guns off the street. The thing I felt driven about was stopping violence, and rendering aid to casualties. And about the time I realized that was my passion, the frequency of me getting to a scene where somebody was shot or stabbed was high, much higher than normal. And I felt this drive that I was supposed to step in, and regardless of what the person had done prior to my arrival, I was supposed to render aid to the best of my ability. Tourniquets, chest seals, gauze, whatever. And I combined that with prayer, it felt very spiritually driven for me.

 

It kind of made me a unicorn, I was a weird dude on the police force. I felt a weight and value in what I was trying to do.

 

In 2021, Oklahoma-based Refuge Medical Training, a first-responder training company noticed Twitch’s passion for trauma care and offered him a job, “teaching people how to not die.” As he describes it:

 

I was just presenting what I had learned on the street, which I noticed was not the same as what gets taught in the classroom. It was dirty, it was imperfect, it was not well lit, it was stressed, with unknown aspects and unknown people all around you. The classroom didn’t translate that.

 

Twitch told his wife, Stephanie, he wanted to switch careers to becoming an instructor, and she concurred. Twitch became the lead instructor at Refuge Medical and eventually wrote scenarios and curriculums. He said that unlike most first-responder trainings, he gradually increases the stress of the scenarios, increasing it to “drastic” levels — noise, distractions, unexpected problems:

 

The first day was a basic stop-the-bleed class, all hands-on, no PowerPoint. The second day was as close as a ‘hell day’ as I could give them – it would start with me literally kicking a table over and supplies would fly. And it would be like that for the next eight to ten hours. [At another point in the interview, Twitch described the training regimens as including, “mud crawls while wearing tourniquets, passing 100-bag sandbags, working in eight inches of water with crawdads in it, everything.”] And by the end of class, we had shared so many stories — one of my co-instructors was a combat veteran, he would include some of his testimonies.

 

When the Russians launched the full-scale invasion in 2022, Twitch was about as far from a passionate advocate for the Ukrainian cause as you could get:

 

After the 2022 full invasion, I remember telling my wife, “Why in the world would anybody from the U.S. be going over there? I don’t know why anybody’s getting involved. It’s one thing for the government to send aid, but it’s a different thing for people.”

 

Six months [later] I was putting gauze in a bag, getting ready for another training trip, and I just felt this weight get thrown on me, like it was a sandbag somebody just threw on your shoulders. I felt heavy, and it was this internal feeling. It was the closest I think I’ve ever come to hearing God, out loud. I felt it, like, “You’re supposed to ask if you should to go to Ukraine.” And I was saying out loud, in the office, “I don’t want to do that.” I was seriously, talking to myself. I was like, “people are dying there. That’s not a place I should go.” And then I felt, “You told me you would go wherever I sent you.” I went to talk to some of the guys I worked with, I asked them to pray with me. And they said the same thing — “That’s a bad idea!”

 

Twitch talked to his wife Stephanie about what he had felt and experienced; by this point, he was the father of two young children. He had never been out of the U.S. beyond a trip to the Bahamas.

 

“She looks at me and she said, ‘no,’” Twitch laughed. “My wife, she’s very capable on her own.” Twitch’s wife agreed to pray on it as well. And after they both prayed on the looming question, Twitch said he felt more at ease, and that God wasn’t telling him to go to Ukraine . . . at least, not yet. “My wife said, ‘If the Lord is telling you to go, I’ll go with you.’”

 

In December, Twitch met a man in a training session in Waco, Texas, who had been in Ukraine and whose fiancée had been “blown up in Kyiv.” This man had joined a militia — “they were just handing out AKs at a police station in Kyiv to anybody who wanted to help resist.” The man in Waco told Twitch that he had never seen a real tourniquet until the class, that in Ukraine they had run out of them and were using belts and paracord.

 

(At this point in the interview, in a busy shopping mall in Dnipro, the air-raid siren went off again . . . and everyone around me just went about their day. I’ve become a local — air-raid alerts affect me about as much as car alarms affect New Yorkers.)

 

“He asked questions like, ‘Why are these guys getting beat up in the neck when they get shot in the armor and the chest?’ And I talked to him about spalling from the bullets and stuff. He had great questions, genuine questions about what he had seen. He was asking, ‘How do I keep these guys alive?’ He had seen them die. I talked to him about Jesus, we prayed together.”

 

The man said to Twitch that he was thinking of returning to Ukraine, and asked if Twitch would come with him to teach some classes on a visit. A mutual friend agreed to go if Twitch agreed.

 

Twitch talked to his wife again. “I started to feel that weight, not as bad as the first time, that I was supposed to pray about it again.” And this time, Twitch’s wife said that if he felt like he should go, he “absolutely” should go.

 

Twitch brought several duffle bags full of trauma supplies, and said he came to Ukraine for a short trip with three goals: “One, give the supplies to somebody who needs them. Two, teach someone some classes. Three, leave,” he laughed, and I told him I relate. Twitch and the other men did six days’ worth of training to Ukrainians.

 

“I had never taught through an interpreter before,” Twitch said. “You talk half as much. I had to change everything about how I was training. I had to do it with way less training equipment, in way less time.” He ditched the PowerPoint and made the class entirely hands-on, and developed a curriculum where he could teach five to 25 soldiers what they needed to know in five hours.

 

The Ukrainians found the classes invaluable, and asked Twitch to return. Twitch returned to the U.S. and asked his wife how she would feel about relocating to Ukraine, with their children, for a longer stretch — and much to Twitch’s surprise, she agreed. “She is my most important adviser. It was cool to see how her heart changed on this.” They initially relocated to Ukraine for two-and-a-half months.

 

“We were training soldiers everywhere. I was training soldiers in Kherson before the dam blew up. I was doing training about 20 kilometers from the front.” Twitch observed that few in the media noted that the Russians blew up the Kakhovka dam in southern Ukraine, setting off a massive disaster, in order to disrupt the then two-day-old Ukrainian counteroffensive. There are several reasons the 2023 counteroffensive did not achieve its goals, but the Ukrainians’ efforts were no doubt impeded by the simultaneous need to respond to flooding that killed several hundred and forced the evacuation of tens of thousands.

 

Twitch returned to the U.S. and started his nonprofit to finance the training for anyone who wanted to take it and couldn’t afford it. He’s trained Christian missionaries in Lebanon who had fled ISIS in Syria.

 

The gregarious and easygoing Twitch now lives in Dnipro with his family, and he travels around Ukraine, giving his first-responder classes — to the military, to Ukrainian police, to civilian volunteers, even to classrooms of children. The Ukrainians are lucky to have him. And while I wouldn’t presume to speak for God or Jesus Christ, I figure volunteering to live in a country at war — and teaching as many people as possible how to save lives in emergencies they’re more likely to encounter because of that war — is the sort of thing that makes The Man Upstairs proud of His creation.

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