Wednesday, February 26, 2025

Germany Doubling Down on Democratic Deficits

By Michael Brendan Dougherty

Wednesday, February 26, 2025

 

There was a time not that long ago when serious people entertained the idea that “democracy” might mean something more than a tiny claque of entrenched post–Cold War progressives running the world’s institutions in their own interest. David Marquand, a British academic, coined the term “democratic deficit” in the 1970s to describe the lack of access that citizens had to influencing the European common market (as the European Union was then), either through voting or normal forms of democratic access, despite the immense and invasive regulatory power of that institution.

 

The European Union’s power is the product of pooled sovereignty — a transfer and diminishment of powers from national parliaments, which are accountable to democratic peoples, to European institutions that are deliberately more remote. European peoples don’t have direct electoral input into the powerful European Commission, the executive body of the EU that also has the sole power to initiate legislation. Often members are brought onto the commission after they have lost elections in their countries. The elected European Parliament is selected in low-turnout, low-information elections, and it does little but debate the merit of the EU itself. There is no real connection between its actions and the sentiment of European citizens that would qualify it as a truly deliberative body, let alone a representative one.

 

Major state-shaping initiatives, like the institution of the euro currency, have been done in the face of majority opposition in Germany and other countries. The EU began to run as if it had a “telos” — a structured end in mind, ever greater union, ever larger gobs of power shifted from democratic parliaments to German-dominated European ministries. European treaties, such as the Lisbon Treaty of 2007, began to be rejected by publics, and elections were rerun until the “correct” and final non-repealable result was given. Now the treaties have largely ceased, and the EU simply reinterprets previously approved language in new ways to assert new powers, such as its ability to punish member states for infringing “the rule of law.”

 

JD Vance, in his Munich speech, issued a challenge to the peoples of Europe to be better democrats. He hinted at the polls showing massive national majorities that wished to control and halt the mass migration of Muslims into the continent. He also condemned the “firewall” politics that leads Germany’s political parties to rule out ever forming a coalition with the insurgent Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) party, which achieved nearly 20 percent support in this week’s election.

 

The AfD was second only to the center-right Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union, which garnered 28.5 percent of the vote. The leader of the Christian Democrats, Friedrich Merz, has decided to double down against Vance. Not only has he kept to the firewall politics despite the AfD’s strong result, he is determined to form a coalition with the center-left SPD (Social Democratic Party), led by Olaf Scholz, the outgoing chancellor of Germany, and the party that got the biggest kicking from its previous result. This is a way of defying not just the far right but everyone who withdrew their votes from the previous government. And it’s a defiance of political logic. Several countries have tried this transition whereby the two great political rival parties of the 20th century enter into peacetime grand coalitions with one another to stop smaller parties from obtaining power. It almost always results in both members of the coalition losing support as they are seen to be betraying their bases.

 

But Merz didn’t stop there. Just weeks ago, in light of more stabbing attacks by Muslim immigrants, Merz had vowed to the public that “on Day One” he would take back control of Germany’s borders. “We see before us the ruins of 10 years of misguided asylum and immigration policy in Germany,” he said. “We reached the limit.” He could not have been more specific. “On the first day of my tenure as chancellor, I will instruct the interior ministry to impose permanent border controls with all our neighbors and refuse all attempts at illegal entry,” he vowed.

 

In his very first press conference after the election, Merz said the opposite. “None of us are talking about border closures,” he said. “No one. Although this was claimed at times during the election campaign. None of us will close the border.”

 

The very name of Alternative für Deutschland was meant as a rebuke to Angela Merkel, the former Christian Democrat leader who had said there was no alternative to her own preferred plans for fixing the financial crisis. Her words became a symbol for the “no-choice” politics that have provoked voters into supporting populists.

 

Merz is convinced that allowing free speech or easing up on the firewall will allow illiberal and authoritarian tyrants back into politics. He is blind to the reality that he is becoming the face of illiberal tyranny, of a government that is committed to ideological zealotry at the cost of its own people. This is a hubris sure to fail.

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