By Thomas Sowell
Wednesday, March 18, 2015
It is fascinating to see brilliant people belatedly
discover the obvious — and to see an even larger number of brilliant people
never discover the obvious.
A recent story in a San Francisco newspaper says that
some restaurants and grocery stores in Oakland’s Chinatown have closed after
the city’s minimum wage was raised. Other small businesses there are not sure
they are going to survive, because many depend on a thin profit margin and a
high volume of sales.
At an angry meeting between local small-business owners
and city officials, the local organization that had campaigned for the higher
minimum wage was absent. They were probably some place congratulating
themselves on having passed a humane “living wage” law. The group most affected
was also absent — inexperienced and unskilled young people, who need a job to
get some experience, even more than they need the money.
It is not a breakthrough on the frontiers of knowledge
that minimum-wage laws reduce employment opportunities for the young and the
unskilled of any age. It has been happening around the world, for generation
after generation, and in the most diverse countries.
It is not just the young who are affected when
minimum-wage rates are set according to the fashionable notions of third
parties, with little or no regard for whether everyone is productive enough to
be worth paying the minimum wage they set.
You can check this out for yourself. Go to your local
public library and pick up a copy of the distinguished British magazine The
Economist.
Whether it is the current issue or a back issue doesn’t
matter. Spain, Greece, and South Africa will be easy to locate in the table
near the back, which lists data for various countries. Just look down the
unemployment column for countries with unemployment rates around 25 percent.
Spain, Greece, and South Africa are always there, whether or not there is a
recession. Why? Because they have very generous minimum-wage laws.
While you are there, you can look up the unemployment
rate for Switzerland, which has no minimum-wage law at all. Over the years, I
have never seen the unemployment rate in Switzerland reach as high as 4
percent. Back in 2003, The Economist reported: “Switzerland’s unemployment
neared a five-year high of 3.9% in February.”
In the United States, back in what liberals think of as
the bad old days before there was a federal minimum-wage law, the annual
unemployment rate during Calvin Coolidge’s last four years as president ranged
from a high of 4.2 percent to a low of 1.8 percent.
Low-income minorities are often hardest hit by the
unemployment that follows in the wake of minimum-wage laws. The last year when
the black unemployment rate was lower than the white unemployment rate was
1930, the last year before there was a federal minimum-wage law.
The following year, the Davis-Bacon Act of 1931 was
passed, requiring minimum wages in the construction industry. This was in
response to complaints that construction companies with non-union black
construction workers were able to underbid construction companies with
unionized white workers (whose unions would not admit blacks).
Looking back over my own life, I realize now how lucky I
was when I left home in 1948, at the age of 17, to become self-supporting. The
unemployment rate for 16- and 17-year-old blacks at that time was under 10
percent. Inflation had made the minimum-wage law, passed ten years earlier,
irrelevant.
But it was only a matter of time before liberal
compassion led to repeated increases in the minimum wage, to keep up with
inflation. The annual unemployment rate for black teenagers has never been less
than 20 percent in the past 50 years and has ranged as high as over 50 percent.
You can check these numbers in a table of official
government statistics on page 42 of Professor Walter Williams’s book Race and
Economics.
Incidentally, the black-white gap in unemployment rates
for 16- and 17-year-olds was virtually nonexistent back in 1948. But the black
teenage unemployment rate has been more than double that for white teenagers
for every year since 1971.
This is just one of many policies that allow liberals to
go around feeling good about themselves, while leaving havoc in their wake.
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