Tuesday, June 6, 2023

The Dam Breaks in the Russia-Ukraine War

By Jim Geraghty

Tuesday, June 06, 2023

 

Seventy-nine years ago today, the U.S. and its allies launched a highly anticipated military offensive on the European continent. Yesterday, on the other side of Europe, another highly anticipated military offensive began in Ukraine:

 

The Ukrainian offensive is “taking place in several directions,” Deputy Defense Minister Hanna Maliar told Ukrainian television on Monday. . . .

 

 

“It is not only about Bakhmut. The offensive is taking place in several directions. We are happy about every meter. Today is a successful day for our forces,” she said. . . .

In a Monday Telegram post, Maliar said the country’s troops were “carrying out offensive actions” on the eastern front and had “advanced in several directions” around the city of Bakhmut: near the settlements of Orikhovo-Vasylivka and Paraskoviivka to the north, and near Ivanivske and Klishchiivka to the southwest.

 

Serhii Cherevatyi, spokesman for the Eastern Grouping of the Ukrainian Armed Forces, also spoke of “an offensive assault” by the Ukrainians “on the southern and northern flanks of Bakhmut” on national TV on Monday.

 

But within a day, someone, almost certainly the Russians, took a drastic action and added a catastrophic complication to the battlefield in south-central Ukraine:

 

A major dam and hydroelectric power plant in southern Ukraine were severely damaged by an explosion on Tuesday, unleashing flooding near the front lines. As water gushed from the facility on the Dnieper River, which separates Ukrainian and Russian forces, officials on both sides ordered residents to evacuate. Ukraine’s military intelligence agency accused Russian forces of blowing up the Nova Kakhovka dam, while the Kremlin denied this and blamed “Ukrainian sabotage” for the damage.

 

The Nova Kakhovka dam is in Kherson Oblast (province or district), just north of Crimea; the occupied and then liberated port city of Kherson is downstream and the Dnieper River eventually flows into the Black Sea. Pamela Constable of the Washington Post reported from the city of Dnipro upstream, “A dramatic drop in the dam’s reservoir could lead to an ecological disaster and disrupt the cooling of reactors at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, 75 miles to the northeast, according to Ukraine’s Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources. The plant is under Russian control.”

 

The Financial Times adds up the evidence pointing at the Russians:

 

Russia, which controls the area, has denied responsibility and blamed Ukrainian shelling for the dam’s breach. These claims are implausible. Kyiv had nothing to gain from a catastrophic flood. It is possible that the structure, damaged in previous strikes, could have given way. Russian occupying authorities had allowed the water in the reservoir behind to rise to unusually high levels, which would make it a case of criminal neglect. . . .

 

Russian forces had rigged explosives to the dam last autumn after Ukraine’s army liberated the right bank of the river. They have attacked other hydroelectric plants in their attempt to destroy Ukraine’s critical infrastructure. And last September they fired eight cruise missiles at a dam over the nearby Inhulets river, unleashing a torrent and hampering the advance of Ukrainian troops in the area.

 

And on social media, residents reported hearing explosions around 2:20 a.m. local time.

 

When you look at the expected consequences of this dam bursting, the Ukrainians have little incentive to blow up their own infrastructure on such a devastating and consequential scale. When the war is over, the Ukrainians want to still live there. But the Russians have a strong incentive to create as many problems for the Ukrainians as possible to disrupt the counter-offensive. The Ukrainian minister of foreign affairs, Dmytro Kuleba, tweeted this morning:

 

Infuriating to see some media report “Kyiv and Moscow accusing each other” of ruining the Kakhovka dam. It puts facts and propaganda on equal footing. Ukraine is facing a huge humanitarian and environmental crisis. Ignoring this fact means playing Russia’s ‘not all obvious’ game.

 

The Russian accusation isn’t logical. Why would Ukrainian saboteurs arrange a whole new set of life-threatening complications and headaches for their own side, right as the counter-offensive is starting?

 

Those of us with long memories can recall Saddam Hussein’s moves during the Persian Gulf War — releasing more than 11 million barrels of oil into the Gulf, creating the largest oil spill in history, attempting to deter an amphibious assault that was always a feint. Then Hussein’s forces systematically blew up oil wells, tanks, refineries, and other facilities in Kuwait, and burned 4 to 6 million barrels of crude oil per day, setting so many fires it took nine months to put them all out.

 

Dictators are almost always willing to wreck the environment when they think it will give them a military advantage. This is why it’s always so laughable when some nutjob green contends that authoritarian regimes are better for the environment.

 

Eyeing the Nuclear Threat

 

Over in UnHerd, Kevin Ryan writes that Vladimir Putin is almost certain to use nuclear weapons before the war ends. None of us have a crystal ball, and there is no denying that some voices in the Russian government have turned to nuclear saber-rattling, and in particular on Russian state television, some voices are openly calling for the use of nuclear weapons. One Russian talking head called for Moscow to threaten to nuke “several decision-making centers on British territory.” As I wrote back in October, “It definitely feels as if we’re dealing with a different Russia now — angrier, more desperate, more erratic.”

 

And way back in March of 2022, I looked at the various ways Russia could use its tactical nuclear weapons in an attempt to win a decisive advantage in Ukraine. (Some of those with particularly poor reading comprehension concluded I was a “neocon” and calling for the use of nuclear weapons or calling for a U.S. nuclear strike on Russia. I swear, it’s like some people have an allergic reaction to learning new things.)

 

There are ways to attempt to minimize the radioactive fallout from the use of a tactical nuclear weapon, but even if you detonate a nuclear weapon underground, if the blast penetrates the Earth’s surface, there will be intense and deadly radioactive fallout released from any penetration points. And those spots will be uninhabitable for a long time:

 

Most of the particles decay rapidly. Even so, beyond the blast radius of the exploding weapons there would be areas (hot spots) the survivors could not enter because of radioactive contamination from long-lived radioactive isotopes like strontium 90 or cesium 137. For the survivors of a nuclear war, this lingering radiation hazard could represent a grave threat for as long as one to five years after the attack.

 

The whole point of a war of conquest is to acquire territory. Vladimir Putin has spoken of Ukraine as “an integral part of our own history, culture, and spiritual space.” Back in 2021, Putin wrote:

 

Our spiritual, human and civilizational ties formed for centuries and have their origins in the same sources, they have been hardened by common trials, achievements and victories. Our kinship has been transmitted from generation to generation. It is in the hearts and the memory of people living in modern Russia and Ukraine, in the blood ties that unite millions of our families.

 

You generally don’t want to irradiate an “integral part” of your own “history, culture, and spiritual space.” To put this into American terms, if, God forbid, there is ever a second American Civil War, no side will want to nuke Lexington and Concord, or Yorktown, or Gettysburg, or Pearl Harbor. But we can’t count on this as a guarantee that Putin would never reach such a point of rage, frustration, or desperation that he would turn to using tactical nukes.

 

While Putin is obsessed with getting back a country that he perceives as a “lost crown jewel,” he clearly doesn’t care what condition it’s in when he gets it back. There’s simply not much left of the city of Bakhmut, once home to more than 70,000 people. The Russians left the cities of Mariupol, Sievierodonetsk, and Maryinka in a similarly battered shape.

 

The destruction of the dam is an ominous sign that Putin and the Russian forces may be starting to feel that if they can’t control the territory, they should wreck everything in their wake. And the Russian state’s calculation about escalating to the use of tactical nuclear weapons is likely different if Putin is in a mental state like that.

 

Rethinking Ukrainian Strikes on Russian Soil

 

The position of the Biden administration is that the Ukrainian military should not use U.S.-provided weapons to hit Russian targets in Russian territory. So far, it appears that Ukraine is using non-U.S. weaponry to hit Russian targets in Russian territory — sometimes very deep in Russian territory. U.S. intelligence reportedly believes that the small drone attack above the Kremlin on May 3 was not a Russian false flag, and indeed “was likely orchestrated by one of Ukraine’s special military or intelligence units.” Last week, a drone attacked Rublyovka, an upscale part of the Moscow suburbs, but did little damage; a few days later, drones attacked and caused fires at two Russian oil refineries east of the Crimean peninsula.

 

CNN reported, “Ukraine has cultivated a network of agents and sympathizers inside Russia working to carry out acts of sabotage against Russian targets and has begun providing them with drones to stage attacks,” citing “multiple people familiar with U.S. intelligence on the matter.”

 

Yesterday, the New York Times reported that the Biden administration is no longer all that worried that Ukrainian attacks on Russian soil represent some sort of unacceptable provocation. “As Ukraine’s counteroffensive edges closer, a series of bold attacks in Russia, from a swarm of drone attacks in Moscow to the shelling of towns in the Belgorod region bordering Ukraine and an incursion into the country using American-made armored vehicles, have been greeted by the Biden administration with the diplomatic equivalent of a shrug.”

 

It appears there is no way for the U.S. to discourage Ukraine from launching attacks against targets on Russian soil. (As MBD has discussed, the elected government of Ukraine has never had full control over all the nationalist militias that operate in the country. And that lack of full control may be somewhat convenient for Volodymyr Zelensky, allowing the Ukrainian government to declare it’s above tactics such as crashing drones into civilian targets like apartment buildings in Moscow . . . but enjoying the intimidation benefits of someone attacking civilian targets like apartment buildings in Moscow.)

 

It also does not appear that Russia is interested in a ceasefire or any peace talks if they involve removing its forces from territory conquered since the start of the war. And it also does not appear that the Ukrainians are interested in a ceasefire or any peace talks if they involve allowing Russian forces to remain in territory conquered since the start of the war.

 

ADDENDUM: CNN chairman and CEO Chris Licht has lost the support of CNN’s employees, reports . . . er, CNN’s Oliver Darcy. Making this report even more complicated: Last month after the CNN town hall with Trump, Licht “summoned Darcy and his editor to a meeting with himself and top executives in which they told him that his coverage of Trump town hall had been too emotional and stressed the importance of remaining dispassionate.”

 

In other words, Darcy is reporting, “The boss who summoned me to his office and reprimanded me for being too emotional in front of all the top executives is widely unpopular and has lost the support of my colleagues.”

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