By Seth J. Frantzman
Tuesday, August 27, 2019
On Thursday, August 22, members of Iran’s Islamic
Revolutionary Guard Corps Quds Force took a drone to an area near the Golan
Heights, seeking to attack Israel. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) monitored
the men, took video of them walking through a field, and struck back two nights
later. The air strikes targeted a villa in southern Syria that Jerusalem says
was being used by the IRGC and Shiite militias. This includes Hezbollah, a
Lebanese ally of Iran that has played a major role in Syria in recent years.
The air strike is part of an increasingly firm stand
Israel is taking against Iran’s regional ambitions in the Middle East. This
includes several recent air strikes in Iraq that Iranian-linked paramilitaries
have blamed on Israel. It also includes near-daily reports in media from
Lebanon to Kuwait asserting that Israel is targeting Iran’s network of proxies
and their bases in Lebanon, Iraq, and Syria. Jerusalem is no longer secretive
about this widespread campaign. In January former IDF chief of staff Gadi
Eizenkot said Israel had carried out thousands of air strikes on Iranian
targets.
Now IRGC Quds Force commander Qasem Soleimani has warned
Israel that these strikes will be Israel’s last. Hezbollah’s Hassan Nasrallah
has threatened retaliation. This is part of a rising Iranian-backed chorus
against Jerusalem, which includes real threats such as continuing rocket fire
from Hamas in Gaza. It also includes threats by Iranian proxies such as
Iraqi-based Kata’ib Hezbollah against U.S. forces in Iraq.
What is Israel’s strategy in all this? The goal is to
draw Iran and its allies out of the shadows. Over the past decade, inflamed by
the 2015 Iran deal, Tehran has increased its weapons transfers to Hezbollah,
sent thousands of advisers to support the Syrian regime, and helped mobilize a
network of militias in Iraq. Some of this was used to fight ISIS, or enemies of
Bashar al-Assad. But with the ISIS war and Syrian conflict winding down, these
groups are turning their threats toward Iran’s adversaries. Tehran is obsessed
with destroying Israel, as can be seen in its frequent statements and
militaristic parades. It has launched drones from Syria into Israel in February
2018, rockets in May 2018, and a rocket in January 2019. Hezbollah threatens
that its 150,000 rockets can strike all of Israel.
Air strikes on Iran’s network of proxies force the
network out of the shadows. It can’t hide in villas in southern Syria, or
launch drones at night, or stockpile ballistic missiles in Iraq if it is
looking over its shoulder and increasingly making mistakes through its
aggressive and open threats. Iran is used to playing a double game of moderates
and hard-liners, sending its smiling foreign minister to the recent G7 while
boasting of its allies’ drone technology striking Saudi Arabia.
The Israeli air strikes couple well with the
Washington-led campaign of “maximum pressure.” Iran now faces two fronts, the
sanctions and strikes, that together are designed to blow the lid on its
regional strategy. Tehran will be tempted to make a misstep in its otherwise
calculated reactions. Iran has a playbook: If a Western power seizes its
tanker, as the U.K. did in July, Iran seizes a tanker. It downed a
sophisticated U.S. drone in June but hasn’t harmed anyone in six sabotage operations
on oil tankers in the Persian Gulf. More than anything, Iran wants to preserve
its regional power, based in proxies and allies that are often Shiite
coreligionists. Its long-term goal is to get Hezbollah and its Shiite
paramilitary allies in Iraq into more government positions and build up their
parallel-state structures of armed fighters and bases. A war with the U.S. or
Israel, or a direct confrontation with Saudi Arabia, as opposed to using
proxies such as the Houthis, Hezbollah, and Islamic Jihad in Gaza, is not in
Tehran’s interest. This is the strategic calculation that underpins Israel’s
actions, but it can go only so far. A game of whack-a-mole against Iran’s
drones and missiles is just a setback for Tehran. If Tehran doesn’t gamble on a
major conflict with Israel, it will continue its creeping annexation of
neighboring states.
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