By Nile Gardiner & Joseph Laconte
Thursday, June 25, 2020
On July 4, 1918, Winston Churchill chaired a meeting in
London to deliver a message to the American people celebrating their
Independence from Great Britain: “[We] rejoice that the love of liberty and
justice on which the American nation was founded should in the present time of
trial have united the whole English-speaking family in a brotherhood of arms.”
Churchill, then serving as Britain’s minister of
munitions, had good reasons to be grateful for the United States. After four
years of slaughter in the First World War, over 900,000 British soldiers lay
dead — and Britain and her allies were hardly any closer to declaring victory
than when the conflict had begun. The French army was demoralized, the Italians
were in disarray, and the Russian army had collapsed. A few months earlier
Churchill warned that the entire Allied cause was in peril. But the arrival of
the American Expeditionary Force in France in the summer of 1918 made the
defeat of German despotism almost inevitable.
Always the historian as well as the statesman, Churchill
observed that the Declaration of Independence “is not only an American
document. It follows on the Magna Carta and the Bill of Rights as the third
great title-deed” on which the liberties of the democratic West were founded. The
Magna Carta (1215), of course, declared that no political leader was above the
rule of law. It affirmed the principles of due process and trial by jury. A
product of England’s Glorious Revolution, the Bill of Rights (1689) reasserted
the concept of constitutional government, that is, government by consent of the
governed. These documents laid a new foundation for individual rights in the
Western tradition. Together they shaped the fundamental laws of the North
American colonies.
Indeed, the American revolutionaries, demanding their
rights as Englishmen, drew on these declarations when they did some declaring
of their own. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are
created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable
Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That
to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their
just powers from the consent of the governed.”
Here, for the first time in human history, a political
society comes into being asserting the natural rights and equality of every
human being, a claim rooted in the Judeo-Christian tradition. Here is a demand
for self-government that builds on the inheritance of the West to launch a
radical experiment in democratic freedom.
Few statesmen were as clear-eyed about the triumphs and
tragedies of Western civilization. Yet in the history of the English-speaking
people, Churchill discerned a legacy of liberty, equality, and justice that
eclipsed the failures of Britain and the United States to achieve these ideals.
It is in this shared tradition, he said, where people struggling against
tyranny can find inspiration to avoid “the shame of despotism” on the one hand
and “the miseries of anarchy” on the other.
The thousands who continue to arrive each year in Great
Britain and the United States — fleeing political and religious persecution —
bear testimony to this simple truth. It is a fact worth recalling in our age of
rage.
Indeed, in ways rarely appreciated, American exceptionalism drew its moral strength from British exceptionalism. It is a story of freedom that both countries can celebrate this July Fourth.
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