By Jorge Jraissati
Wednesday, June 03, 2020
There are just a handful of countries as blessed as
Venezuela. It has the largest
oil reserves of any country on Earth. It has abundant reserves of natural gas,
coal, timber, and gold. And as if this weren’t enough, it also has miles of
fertile land and an ideal geographical location to export all of its blessings.
Yet, there is a popular joke around here that says: “Why was God so generous to
us? He gave us everything, even perfect weather, and beautiful beaches. Well,
because he also gave us our politicians and a society that has not been capable
of taking care of its nation.”
Personally, I have always found this “joke” dangerously
misleading, because it implies that Venezuela is a rich country in the first
place. Countries are not rich because of their natural resources. Developed
nations are rich because they have dynamic economies, with innovative private
sectors, an impressive stock of human capital, and institutions that
incentivize people to become responsible and productive citizens — plus
governments willing to complement the market by providing infrastructure,
collective security, a well-functioning educational system, and other public
goods that are essential for economic development. In Venezuela, unfortunately,
we have neither markets nor a well-designed and efficient public sector. This,
rather than the gross mismanagement of our natural resources, is the reason we
are undeveloped.
One need not look far for the proof. This year, Venezuela
officially became the first resource-rich nation without fuel, in a crisis
that has paralyzed the country like never before. Currently, fuel can only be
procured on the black market, at a staggering price of nine
dollars a gallon. This would be a worrisome situation for any country. But
Venezuela’s minimum wage is less than five dollars a month, meaning virtually
no Venezuelans can afford fuel. It’s the latest indignity in a years-long
political crisis that has seen the country grow accustomed to daily power
blackouts, an unreliable water supply, and chronic shortages of food and
medicine.
According to the illegitimate Venezuelan government of
Nicolas Maduro, Venezuelans should blame the United States for the fuel crisis.
On repeated occasions, Maduro and his allies have declared that the United
States’ financial sanctions have dramatically compromised Venezuela’s finances.
Similarly, they say that sanctions have also blocked them from importing
gasoline from abroad. This is an argument that has been used in the past to
excuse other shortages. It ignores the fact that Venezuelans have been
experiencing such shortages since
2013, long before the United States government even began talking about
Venezuela.
To solve its fuel issue, the Maduro regime is partnering
with another sanctioned nation. Just a couple of days ago, the Venezuelan
government “welcomed” five Iranian vessels that sailed from the other side of
the world just to bring about 1.5 million barrels of fuel to the country. This
is an unholy alliance that the United States initially allowed but that it is
now monitoring “with concern,” according to the head of the U.S. Military’s
Southern Command, Admiral Craig Faller.
Washington’s “concern” is well-warranted, because Iran is
not known for its geopolitical altruism; it usually has an ulterior motive for
such actions. One hypothesis is that Tehran has designs on taking control of
Venezuela’s oil industry, as it has already gained control of
“El Palito,” the biggest refinery in the country. This would fit with
Venezuela’s current Soviet-style “liberalization.” The Russians and Chinese are
already operating in the Venezuelan oil industry. Perhaps Maduro has now added
Iran into the mix.
Will the Iranian shipment solve Venezuela’s fuel crisis?
Of course not. Iran’s 1.5 million barrels of gasoline will not last for long.
If Venezuela maintains its current rationing system, which only supplies gas to
officials, doctors, and privileged individuals, the shipment will be used up in
50 days. If the country attempts a return to the pre-rationing status quo,
distributing the fuel more widely, it will last about two weeks. In both
scenarios, the chronic Venezuelan shortage of fuel will continue after a brief
interlude, and the Venezuelan economy will remain comatose.
The United States’ financial sanctions are not to blame
for these intractable problems. The sanctions certainly decimated the finances
of the Venezuelan regime, but they did not create this mess. Venezuela — with,
again, the largest oil reserves on Earth — should be able to produce
enough fuel not only for itself but also for regional export. Pre-sanctions,
during the Hugo Chavez regime that lasted from 1998 to 2013, the oil revenues
of the Venezuelan government exceeded 800 billion dollars. This is a staggering
influx of capital for any developing nation of Venezuela’s size. Should we
blame the United States for the mismanagement of those revenues also?
No. Instead, all roads lead to Nicolas Maduro, the corrupt elite that props him up, and the socialist economic system he inherited from Chavez and has done nothing to jettison. Venezuelans are now paying the price of years of corruption in their oil industry. Unless they find a way to achieve political change, the country will continue imploding, its migratory crisis will continue destabilizing Latin America, and its people, over 90 percent of whom already live in poverty, will continue to see their standard of living decline.
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