By Jim Geraghty
Monday, April 18, 2016
Bernie Sanders released his 2014 tax return this weekend,
revealing that he and his wife took $60,208 in deductions from their taxable
income. These deductions are all perfectly legal and permitted under the U.S.
tax code, but they present a morally inconvenient, if delicious, irony: The
Democratic socialist from Vermont, a man who rages against high earners paying
a lower effective tax rate than blue-collar workers, saved himself thousands
using many of the tricks that would be banned under his own tax plan.
With all of his itemized deductions, Sanders’s taxable
income was significantly lower than it would have been if he had taken the
standard deduction. The deductions left Sanders and his wife paying $27,653 in
federal income taxes in 2014, on a joint income of $205,271 — an effective
federal tax rate of 13.5 percent. If that seems low to you, your instincts are
right: According to the Tax Foundation, the average federal income-tax rate for
a couple making $200,000 to $500,000 in 2014 was 15.2 percent. The “millionaires
and billionaires” that Sanders is so fond of berating payed, on average, just
more than twice as much of their income (27.4 percent) in federal taxes as he
did.
On the campaign trail, Sanders’s taxation philosophy is
simple: If you can pay more, you should; deductions are not a justifiable
reason for a wealthy person to pay a lower effective rate than someone who
earns less. His web site declares, “We need a progressive tax system in this
country which is based on ability to pay. It is not acceptable that corporate
CEOs in this country often enjoy an effective tax rate which is lower than
their secretaries.”
With such rhetoric, you might think that Sanders would be
reluctant to take every deduction he possibly could. Yet he and his wife took these
deductions:
• $22,946 on
home-mortgage interest
• $14,843 on
real-estate taxes
• $9,666 on
state and local income taxes
• $8,000 in
gifts to charity
• $350 in gifts
to charity other than by cash or check
• $4,473 in
unreimbursed job expenses, which according to tax law can include fees such as
union dues and travel
Keep in mind, Bernie Sanders doesn’t really like people
itemizing their deductions to keep their taxes low. Under his tax plan, people
making more than $250,000 per year — a bit more than he makes as a senator, but
less than the $400,000 he would make as president — would see the value of
their deductions limited to 28 cents on every dollar of taxes they paid. (The
Sanders family, which falls in the 28 percent tax bracket, would just avoid
being affected by the change.)
The Sanders’s single largest deduction was for the
interest payments on their home mortgages. The senator isn’t such a fan of that
deduction. In a 1997 book and again in his 2015 autobiography, he called for
raising nearly $35 billion in new taxes by capping it at the first $300,000 in
home-mortgage debt. In a speech on the floor of the House in 1997, he portrayed
the deduction as a welfare payment to billionaires: “[Republicans] don’t talk
about a housing policy through the home-interest mortgage deduction, which
allows billionaires to get checks from the government when they deduct the
mortgage from their mansions.”
Today, Sanders and his wife own two homes. They own a
four-bedroom, 2.5-bath home in Chittenden County, Vermont, purchased in 2009
for $405,000. And they own a one-bedroom town house on Capitol Hill, purchased
in 2007 for $488,999. They have two mortgages on the latter property totaling
$464,550. We don’t know precisely how much debt remains on those mortgages, but
there’s a good chance it’s significantly higher than $300,000.
Sanders may have once thought the deduction was an unjust
giveaway to the rich, but he appears to have no problem taking advantage of it
himself.
The Tax Policy Center found that biggest beneficiaries of
the mortgage-interest deduction are people such as Sanders — wealthy by most
standards, but not super-rich, living in areas with high real-estate costs.
(Places with high real-estate costs often have high property or real-estate
taxes, another big federal deduction. Some argue that allowing Americans to
deduct their property taxes rewards localities that have high property-tax
rates and punishes those that have low ones.)
The home-mortgage deduction has a smaller impact on the
tax returns of the “millionaires and billionaires” that Sanders so loathes. In
the TPC study, a person making $1 million per year saw his average federal tax
rate reduced by only one-tenth of one percent because of the deduction, while
someone making between a $500,000 and $1 million per year saw a tax rate
reduction of six-tenths of one percent. The biggest winners were those making
$100,000 to $200,000 per year and those making between $200,000 and $500,000
per year: Both groups saw their tax rates reduced by 1.2 percent because of the
deduction.
What Sanders did, using every option and advantage
available under a Byzantine tax code to minimize his tax payment, is a normal
practice for many Americans. But it’s also exactly what the targets of his
anger do. You can argue about whether or not that’s greed, but it’s impossible
to argue that it isn’t hypocrisy. The paragon of liberal purity is not as pure
as he’d like the world to believe.
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