By Victor Davis Hanson
Thursday, February 25, 2016
The United States has targeted a lot of rogues and their
regimes in recent decades: Moammar Qaddafi, Saddam Hussein, Slobodan Milosevic,
Mohamed Farrah Aidid, Manuel Noriega, and the Taliban.
As a general rule over the last 100 years, any time the
U.S. has bombed or intervened and then abruptly left the targeted country,
chaos has followed. But when America has followed up its use of force with
unpopular peacekeeping, sometimes American interventions have led to something
better.
The belated entry of the United States into World War I
saved the sinking Allied cause in 1917. Yet after the November 1918 armistice,
the United States abruptly went home, washed its hands of Europe’s perennial
squabbling, and disarmed. A far bloodier World War II followed just two decades
later.
It may have been wise or foolish for Presidents John F.
Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson to have intervened in Vietnam in 1963–1964 to try to
save the beleaguered non-Communist south. But after ten years of hard fighting
and a costly stalemate, it was nihilistic for America to abandon a viable South
Vietnam to invading Communist North Vietnam. Re-education camps, mass
executions, and boat people followed — along with more than 40 years of
Communist oppression.
The current presidential candidates are refighting the
Iraq war of 2003. Yet the critical question 13 years later is not so much
whether the United States should or should not have removed the genocidal
Saddam Hussein, but whether our costly efforts at reconstruction ever offered
any hope of a stable Iraq.
By 2011, Iraq certainly seemed viable. Only a few dozen
American peacekeepers were killed in Iraq in 2011 — a total comparable to the
number of U.S. soldiers who die in accidents in an average month.
The complete withdrawal of all U.S. troops in December 2011
abruptly turned what President Obama had dubbed a “sovereign, stable, and
self-reliant” Iraq — and what Vice President Joe Biden had called one of the
administration’s “greatest achievements” — into a nightmarish wasteland.
Hillary Clinton bragged of the 2011 airstrikes in Libya
and the eventual death of Qaddafi: “We came, we saw, he died.”
But destroying Qaddafi’s forces from the air and then
abandoning Libya to terrorists and criminals only created an Islamic State recruiting
ground. The Benghazi disaster was the nearly inevitable result of washing our
hands of the disorder that we had helped to create.
In contrast, when the United States did not pack up and
go home after its messy wars, our unpopular interventions often helped make
life far better for all involved — and the U.S. and its allies more secure.
The United States inherited a mess in the Philippines in
1899 after the defeat of imperial Spain in the Spanish-American war. But after
more than a decade of bloody counterinsurgency fighting, America finally
birthed a Philippine national government that was given its independence after
World War II.
President Harry Truman’s intervention to save South Korea
from North Korean aggression quickly turned into a quagmire. Communist China
soon launched a massive invasion into the Korean peninsula. By 1953 — at a cost
of roughly 35,000 American lives, about eight times more U.S. fatalities than
in Iraq — America had at least saved a viable South Korea.
President Eisenhower, facing re-election in 1956,
resisted calls to pull American peacekeepers from the Demilitarized Zone and
quit the detested “Truman’s war.”
More than 60 years after the U.S. saved South Korea,
thousands of American peacekeepers still help protect a democratic and
successful south from a nightmarish, totalitarian, and nuclear north.
Some 60 million people died in World War II, a global war
that the United States did not start and did not enter until 1941. Yet American
power helped defeat the Axis aggressors.
Unlike the aftermath of World War I, the United States
stayed on to help rebuild war-torn Europe and Asia after World War II. The
Marshall Plan, the NATO alliance, the defeat of Soviet Union in the Cold War,
the foundations of the later European Union, and Asian economic dynamism all
followed — along with some 70 years of relative peace.
In 1999, President Clinton convinced the NATO alliance to
bomb Serbia’s genocidal Slobodan Milosevic out of power and stop the mass
killing in the Balkans. After Milosevic’s removal, only the presence of
American-led NATO peacekeepers on the ground prevented another round of mass
murder.
Donald Trump has rightly reminded us during his campaign
that Americans are sick and tired of costly overseas interventions. But what
Trump forgets is that too often the world does not always enjoy a clear choice
between good and bad, wise and stupid. Often the dilemma is the terrible choice
between ignoring mass murderer, as in Rwanda or Syria; bombing and leaving
utter chaos, as in Libya; and removing monsters, then enduring the long ordeal
of trying to leave something better, as in Afghanistan and Iraq.
The choices are all awful. But the idea that America can
bomb a rogue regime, leave, and expect something better is pure fantasy.
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