Thursday, June 14, 2012
Ancient Sparta turned its conquered neighbors into
indentured serfs — half free, half slave. The resulting Helot underclass
produced the food of the Spartan state, freeing Sparta’s elite males to train
for war and the duties of citizenship.
Over the last few decades, we’ve created our modern
version of these Helots — millions of indebted young Americans with little
prospect of finding permanent well-paying work, servicing their enormous
college debts, or reaping commensurate financial returns on their costly
educations.
Student-loan debts now average about $25,000 per
graduating senior. But the proportion of youths 16 to 24 who are working (about
49 percent) is the lowest since records have been kept. The cost of a four-year
college education can range between $100,000 and $200,000 depending on whether
the institution is public or private. Only 53 percent of today’s college
students graduate within six years. Student time spent writing and reading in
college has plummeted.
Annual tuition keeps rising, as it has over the last 50
years, usually at close to twice the rate of inflation. It must, if colleges
are to pay for a vast new administrative class that is excused from teaching to
monitor sensitivity and diversity, raise money, and comply with ever more
race/class/gender federal mandates.
In addition, students support a new grandee class of
professors who teach lighter loads, enjoy better benefits, retire earlier — and
now offer instruction in a vast array of courses and disciplines that simply
were never part of the traditional curriculum.
If today’s indebted students graduate later and are
trained to be more “socially aware,” they also have diminished writing skills,
fewer facts at their command, and less practical ability to survive in the
private sector. So the higher-education paradox continues: borrowing more for a
less valuable, more politicized education that takes longer, with waning
ability to pay off the ever greater debt.
Often, first- and second-year students will take most of
their classes from the new legions of part-time lecturers, who are on yearly
contracts without much in the way of job security, pensions, benefits, or
status, and who subsidize the light teaching loads of the far better paid.
But our contemporary version of Helotage gets even worse.
Desperate students now jockey for summer “internships” at public and private
consortia — law firms, foundations, government bureaucracies, and private
companies. These internships neither pay much (if anything) nor necessarily
lead to permanent jobs with the employer. They are not even quite medieval
apprenticeships, which at least led to membership in a guild and future
journeyman or master craftsmanship advancement.
At best, college students intern over the summer to hone
“skills.” But isn’t that also a frank admission that standard college fluff
such as a mandatory ethnic studies class, an Earth in the Balance course, or a
Construction of Manhood seminar is not seen by employers as proof of either
erudition or marketable job skills?
So why aren’t Americans more worried about our new
Helots?
Society has all sorts of ingenious ways of disguising
exploitation. Record numbers of broke graduates are returning home rather than
finding well-paying jobs and establishing their own households.
With room and board subsidized by parents, indentured
20-something youths who are interning or working part time can still
approximate the thin veneer of the good life — possessing a car, cell phone,
and computer. The result is that college graduates without a job, a title, or
much income can appear affluent when they are on temporary leave from their
parents’ basements.
Baby-boomer parents — the luckiest cohort in American
history in terms of Social Security payouts, pensions, and job compensation —
often grumble that they are now rechanneling their disposable cash to their
kids. The idea of inheritance has gone from a death benefit for survivors to an
ongoing living subsidy from mom and pop. Permanent cash supplementation to
Helot children is a new twist in parents’ retirement planning.
Overpriced colleges are rarely truthful about the new
Helotage. For example, often they offer incoming students Club Med–like gym
privileges: rock-climbing walls, aerobics and yoga classes, and hip weight
rooms. Such glitzy distractions fool students into thinking that they are
already part of the privileged classes — without awareness that upon
graduation, few of the newly indebted will make enough to enjoy commensurate
perks at private clubs on their own dime.
Strip away the fancy degrees, the trendy fluff classes,
the internships with prestigious employers, and the personal gadgets, and a new
generation of indebted and jobless students has about as much opportunity as
the ancient indentured Helots.
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