By Recebbah Heinrichs
Sunday, December 20, 2020
The U.S. government at the federal, state, and local
levels is using Chinese drones that the Chinese Communist Party is exploiting
for espionage. That is the public conclusion of a branch of the Department of
Homeland Security. Citing “security concerns,” other departments have
all-but-explicitly publicly made the same claims, and some have begun to take
steps to limit the purchase of Chinese drones.
Drones made in China and operated by Americans map U.S.
infrastructure, agriculture, railroads, government buildings, power plants,
disaster-relief operations, and the movements of law-enforcement officers. The
data collected in those drone flights are believed to be sent back to China,
where there is no divide between civil and military sectors. The Commerce Department’s
listing on Friday of one major Chinese drone company on the U.S. entities list
makes it difficult for U.S. companies to buy its products and underscores the
growing sense of urgency to end their access to the United States. But it is
time to go further. The U.S. government at all levels should immediately stop
purchasing Chinese drones and end Chinese drone companies’ access to the U.S.
commercial market.
The U.S. dependence on Chinese drones and the parts that
go into drones is unsustainable. While there are U.S. companies waiting to meet
demand if Chinese drones are excluded from the American market, there are still
too few of them to meet the U.S. government’s needs, and some American drone
companies still rely on cheap Chinese parts. This is one of the arguments
against cutting off access to the Chinese drone market. But the risks to
national security are too great to move slowly, and so in addition to cutting
off access to the Chinese drone market, the U.S. should also expand existing
Pentagon efforts to build an American and American-ally drone-manufacturing
base that does not rely on Chinese-made parts. One can easily see how a
national emergency or a conflict over the defense of democratic Taiwan could
require ramping up the scale of production of drones. Depending on China for
that should be out of the question.
Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment
Ellen Lord has been a champion for strengthening American sovereignty by
developing an industrial base for critical technologies in the U.S. and in
allied countries. At a recent Hudson Institute event with me, she touted
the Pentagon’s Trusted
Capital Marketplace, which would expand the options for secure drone
manufacturers. This initiative should become a top national-security priority
across the U.S. government and private sectors.
It’s important to counter companies such as Da Jiang
Innovations Science and Technology Company (DJI), a Chinese-owned drone
behemoth headquartered in Shenzhen, China. It dominates the American drone
market. Its low cost has boxed out the American and ally market, giving it a
nearly two-thirds share in the United States and Canada.
But DJI is more than just a market leader. Like other
Chinese technology programs and companies such as Huawei, it also enables
Chinese espionage and the Chinese surveillance state, specifically of the
Xinjiang concentration camps.
An August 2017 Los Angeles office of the Immigration and
Customs Enforcement bureau memorandum says: “The Chinese government
directorates most likely receiving the data from DJI’s cloud are the offices
responsible for defense, critical infrastructure, traffic controlling, and
cyber offense . . .” Officials said they have “moderate confidence” that the
DJI’s commercial drones and software are “providing U.S. critical
infrastructure and law enforcement data to the Chinese government.” The flurry
of other agency actions to slow the use of DJI drones suggests that officials
now have more than “moderate” confidence this is occurring.
Other government agencies, such as the Department of
Defense — with few exceptions for some applications — have stopped using
Chinese drones. As of this fall, the Department of Justice has also banned DOJ
funds from being used to purchase them. The largest agency that uses drones is
the Department of Interior. The DOI has more than 800 drones, all of which are
either made in China or have Chinese parts. They use these drones for search
and rescue, fighting wildfires, and dealing with other natural disasters that
may threaten life or property. In October, the Wall Street Journal reported
that the DOI was grounding its entire fleet of aerial drones, citing a
national-security risk from Chinese manufacturers.
We are aware of some of DJI’s ghastly cooperation inside
of China. In 2017, just when U.S. officials were sounding alarm bells, DJI
signed an agreement with the Xinjiang Autonomous Region Public Security
Department (XARPSD) to deploy DJI drones for “stability maintenance” and
“counter-terrorism.” This summer, drone footage went viral on American
social-media platforms that showed a DJI drone monitoring Chinese paramilitary
police escorting Uyghur Muslims — shackled and blindfolded — at a train station
in Xinjiang, a city notorious for its “re-education camp” where the Chinese
government engages in rape, abortions, forced
sterilization, torture, and other means of religious and cultural genocide.
DJI was also eager to take advantage of the COVID-19
pandemic. This spring, it gave away free drones to 43 law-enforcement agencies
in 22 U.S. states to outrageously enforce government social-distancing
guidelines. That’s right: The Chinese company that enabled China’s government
to monitor Chinese Muslims for compliance in concentration camps sought to
enable U.S. governments to monitor Americans’ behavior for compliance during
the COVID-19 pandemic.
Some members of Congress have been tracking the issue and
trying to legislatively mandate that the U.S. government stop using Chinese
drones and end its dependency on Chinese component parts for the drone market.
Last year, Senator Rick Scott (R., Fla.) and Representative Mike Gallagher (R.,
Wis.) led a bipartisan coalition to introduce the American Security Drone Act.
If enacted, it would, among other things, prohibit federal departments and
agencies from buying any foreign commercial off-the-shelf drone or
unmanned-aircraft system manufactured or assembled in countries identified as
national-security threats.
For unclear reasons, and despite a bipartisan consensus that helped place drone-security provisions in the House version of the recent defense bill, the Senate stripped them out. The final bill sent to President Trump’s desk leaves the problem unaddressed. So DJI drones are still free to flood the U.S. market and send their images and data to the Chinese Communist Party. The bipartisan coalition focusing on this issue should expand and Congress should focus on the issue in the new year. In the meantime, with only a few weeks left of the Trump administration’s term, Trump should issue an executive order addressing the national security risks of Chinese drones, and in particular DJI drones. The sooner we can get Chinese drones off the market, the safer we’ll be.
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