By Rachel Alexander
Monday, June 10, 2013
Conservatives have long suspected there is discrimination
against conservative professors in academia, and now there is evidence to prove
it. Sociology professor Neil Gross, a self-described liberal, reveals the
results of surveys showing this bias in his new book, Why Professors are
Liberal and Why do Conservatives Care?
Sociologist George Yancy asked professors if they would
be more or less likely to hire someone if they were a Republican, evangelical
or fundamentalist. Three-quarters said political affiliation would not affect
their hiring decision. But the one-quarter that did say it would influence
their decision virtually all said they would favor a Democrat over a
Republican. Almost half of the sociology professors surveyed said they would
look unfavorably upon evangelicals and fundamentalists trying to get a job in
their department!
In a 2005 survey, researcher Gary Tobin asked professors
how favorably or unfavorably they felt about various religious groups.
Fifty-three percent of academics responded that they regard evangelicals
unfavorably. The next highest unfavorable rating was 33 percent regarding
Mormons.
Professor Gross performed his own “audit study,” sending
in fake applications to upper academia at universities around the country. One
set of applicants, the control group, had nothing political listed on their
resumes. The other two sets of applicants indicated they had either worked on
the McCain or Obama 2008 presidential campaigns. He found, “On average, the
DGSs (directors of graduate studies) responded less frequently, more slowly,
and less enthusiastically to the conservative applicant.”
The average professor is three times as liberal as the
average American, and academia is even more liberal now than it was in the
1960s. Gross provides evidence indicating that feminism greatly increased the
drift of college faculty to the left, in every field except engineering. Today,
63 percent of female academics describe themselves as feminists. Seventy-three
percent of academics describe themselves as moderates, liberals or radical
leftists. Gross admits, “…it would be foolish for anyone with truly
antifeminist sensibilities to become a sociologist,” due to how liberal that
field has become. The Sex and Gender Section is the second largest section in
the American Sociological Association. New departments have emerged like
Women’s Studies where conservatives would not even bother applying.
Gross’s thesis is that conservatives self-select other
professions, independently choosing not to become professors because academia
is so liberal. But this sidesteps the clear evidence Gross provides revealing
faculty bias in hiring. Gross cites, yet ignores, a study which found that
seven percent of conservative academics report having been the victim of political
discrimination. Conservative professor Mary Grabar debunks Gross’s thesis,
publishing essays from six white male professors who have been blocked out of
higher academia, in her new book, Exiled: Stories From Conservative and
Moderate Professors Who Have Been Ridiculed, Ostracized, Marginalized,
Demonized and Frozen Out. Most of them cannot obtain well-paying full-time work
at four-year institutions, and instead are relegated to “perpetual adjunct
status, teaching twice as many classes as the average course load, for wages
that work out to be less than minimum wage.”
In the second half of Gross’s book, he tries to
understand why conservatives care about this bias. Besides the fact that it is
unfair to conservatives who want to become professors, the obvious answer is
because many professors insert their political biases into their grading and
teaching. Gross correctly answers this question on page three in his book’s
Introduction and should have stopped there, “Stick an impressionable
twenty-year old in a classroom for fifteen weeks with a charismatic instructor
who makes the case that conservatives are heartless or deluded and that the
United States has evil designs, and the student is likely to veer left.” Gross
interviewed professors on whether they engage in political indoctrination, or
“critical pedagogy.” Two of fifty-seven professors he interviewed fully
admitted they were guilty of it.
Yet Gross cannot understand the conservative mind, and
wastes the second half of the book analyzing stereotypes and red herrings.
Professor Grabar reviewed Gross’s book and concluded, “Even as he attempts to
look fair-minded, Gross presents caricatured pictures of conservatism.”
Gross attempts to make conservatives look bad throughout
the book, but much of it backfires. He asserts, “social conservatives tend to
come from lower social class origins in the contemporary American context,”
and, “Professors tend to come from better educated, higher income families than
other Americans.” However, this just goes to validate the complaint by
conservatives that academia is composed of elitist liberals who come from
wealthy, connected families.
The good news is not all areas of study are heavily
dominated by professors on the left. Economics, criminology, and engineering
still have a significant portion of conservative professors, although not quite
50 percent.
To his credit, Gross has attempted to put some semblance
of fairness into his book, by daring to expose real biases against conservative
professors. And for that he was threatened by the very liberal establishment he
is a part of. As a result of his audit study, “Two complained to my
institutional review board, and one threatened legal action if his case was not
removed from our data set (it was).” It is a sad day for academia when the left
is not only shutting down conservatives, but also their own who are speaking up
about the suppression of free speech and the free flow of ideas at the
universities.
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