By Brad Polumbo
Friday, September 04, 2020
The current period of national unrest and racial turmoil
began in Minnesota.
It was in Minneapolis that George Floyd died in police
custody, sparking protests and a renewed emphasis on criminal-justice reform
nationwide. It was in Minneapolis that protests first descended into riots,
with other cities soon following suit. Yet while most of the country will
eventually move on from this turmoil, Minneapolis will be among the cities
facing the greatest difficulty in recovering from the financial devastation
that the riots left behind. The economic
fallout will haunt it for decades to come.
To understand why, it’s worth revisiting just how much
damage was done to the Twin Cities after Floyd’s death.
“In the first few days after George Floyd was killed by
Minneapolis police, rioters tore through dense stretches of Minneapolis, St.
Paul and other metro communities in retaliation, causing millions in property
damage,” the Star Tribune summarizes.
“In their wake, vandals left a trail of smashed doors and windows, covered
hundreds of boarded-up businesses with graffiti and set fire to nearly 150
buildings, with dozens burned to the ground.”
“Pharmacies, groceries, liquor stores, tobacco shops and cell
phone stores were ransacked, losing thousands of dollars in stolen
merchandise,” the report continues. “Many were looted repeatedly over
consecutive nights. Other property — like gas stations, restaurants and even
parked cars — was set on fire, with much of it completely destroyed.”
Then, last week, rioting broke out in Minneapolis once
again.
This time the outbreak of violence followed not a genuine
injustice but false social-media rumors suggesting that police had killed an
unarmed black teenager. In reality, an adult murder suspect had committed
suicide when police attempted to arrest him. Nonetheless, looters ransacked
businesses and started fires in several more nights of unrest.
All told, at
least 1,500 businesses have been damaged in the greater Twin Cities area, a
list of victimized properties that includes mom-and-pop restaurants,
minority-owned small businesses, hospitals, and even churches.
The full extent of the damage is more than financial:
Many business owners are struggling to find the words to describe what they’ve
experienced.
“I would speak for a lot of the business owners downtown
that we’re battle-weary,” one restaurateur whose property was looted last week
told local news station CBS Minnesota. “I’m not stressed or even upset. I’m
numb at this point.”
It’s no surprise that many of these business owners are
packing their bags and moving on to greener, or at least safer, pastures.
“This was it for us,” medical supply store owner Lisa
Steffes told CBS Minnesota. “We are a family-owned business. It’s just not
worth it anymore being downtown.”
In another example, the Star Tribune reports that
a manufacturing company, 7-Sigma Inc., is leaving the city after burning in the
riots, and taking 50 jobs with it.
“They don’t care about my business,” owner Kris Wyrobek
said of city officials. “They didn’t protect our people. We were all on our
own.”
An exodus of businesses is exactly what economists would
expect to see in an area ravaged by rioting. The underlying reason is not hard
to understand: Property rights are the foundation of any market-based economy.
There is a long and clearly observed correlation
between the strength of property rights and economic growth.
Why? Well, private enterprise can only function so long
as entrepreneurs know they will be reasonably secure in their property. When
entire city blocks are destroyed by wanton rioting while local officials sit on
their hands, it sends the message that even an otherwise-profitable investment
might not pay off. Investors in such cities must now price in economic risk and
insecurity that makes it much less competitive compared to its neighbors. And
safety considerations also will come into play.
As a result, jobs and economic opportunity are likely to
dry up. Property values fall, and the area slips into decline. What’s more,
higher insurance rates will make doing business more expensive and leave locals
facing higher prices. Does that sound like progress to you?
Thanks to rioters who wrap themselves in the rhetoric of
“social justice,” this fate may await Minneapolis, or at least some of it. This
isn’t mere speculation: We’ve seen this scenario play out before in parts of
Los Angeles, and in cities such as Detroit and Newark.
One study
examining the aftermath of the Rodney King riots found that extensive economic
fallout haunted Los Angeles. The original $1 billion in property damage was
eclipsed by a nearly $4 billion drop in economic activity over the long run,
reducing tax revenue by $125 million.
Other research
into the 1960s civil rights era riots found similar consequences, in
particular, “negative, persistent, and economically significant effects of
riots on the value of black-owned housing” and “a 10 percent decline in the
total value of black-owned property in cities.”
So, yes, the agitators torching businesses and ransacking
storefronts in Minneapolis may say they are doing so in the name of justice.
But the evidence suggests that all they’re really doing is threatening the
community with the prospect of stagnation and decline.
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