By Steve Chapman
Sunday, December 22, 2013
The course of freedom and democracy in the world is an
evolutionary process, though sometimes it proceeds in the wrong direction.
Wines have good years and bad years. If 2013 were a wine, you'd use it to kill
weeds.
Mohamed Morsi began the year as the first democratically
elected president of Egypt. He ended it in a jail cell facing charges of
treason, having been evicted in a military coup just 12 months after being
inaugurated. When his supporters massed in protests following his overthrow,
security forces killed nearly 1,000 of them.
Elsewhere in the region, the Arab Spring was a fading
memory. Syria's Bashar al-Assad, one of the dictators who survived it, used
poison gas against rebels before accepting international demands to give up his
chemical arsenal. Chaos and terrorism were so prevalent in Libya that the prime
minister was kidnapped by one militia and then freed by other militias.
Tunisia, where the democracy movement began, was
characterized in Foreign Policy magazine as "the one place the Arab Spring
hasn't gone to hell." Even there, unrest and division threatened disaster,
which was averted when opposing parties agreed to establish a caretaker
government until new elections next year.
South Africa's Nelson Mandela died a few months before
the 20th anniversary of his country's rebirth as a multi-racial democracy. Back
then, Mandela recalled later, "South Africans from every sector had
reached out across the divisions of centuries, and averted a blood-bath which
most observers believed inevitable, so much so that our smooth transition was
hailed widely as a miracle."
The opposite of a miracle was on display in Zimbabwe,
also once ruled by a white minority. President Robert Mugabe, who has ruled
since 1980, prevailed in yet another fraudulent election and invited his
opponents to "commit suicide if they wish. Even if they die, dogs will not
sniff their carcasses."
Uhuru Kenyatta was elected president of Kenya while under
indictment by the International Criminal Court for crimes against humanity.
Ghana conducted its sixth consecutive peaceful election over two decades.
Across the continent, The Economist noted, "a
remarkable change is taking place. The default means of allocating power in
Africa now is to hold elections, and elections are generally becoming
fairer."
The same doesn't hold in Russia, where Vladimir Putin
regained the presidency he vacated in 2008. Human Rights Watch accused him of
creating the worst human rights climate since the demise of the Soviet Union.
Ukrainians massed in the streets for weeks demanding the resignation of
President Viktor Yanukovich after he agreed to closer ties with Russia.
Last week, Putin tried to buff his image before the
Winter Olympics in Sochi by announcing he would pardon members of the band
Pussy Riot, 30 Greenpeace activists and his most prominent political prisoner,
Mikhail Khodorkovsky.
Hundreds of Chinese were arrested for "rumor-mongering"
online after President Xi Jinping urged Communist party officials to
"seize the ground of new media." But the regime said it would relax
its one-child policy and abolish its labor camps, where dissidents and other
troublemakers are sent for "re-education."
Myanmar's President U Thein Sein admitted holding
political prisoners and has come close to keeping his vow to release them all
by year's end. In Thailand, critics rejected Prime Minister Yingluck
Shinawatra's call for new elections. Demonstrators at Bangkok's Democracy
Monument were in the incongruous position of requesting the formation of a
government not chosen by the people.
The chief human rights official at the United Nations
said North Korea's human rights violations have "no parallel anywhere in
the world." The International Criminal Court faulted Afghan President
Hamid Karzai for failing to act against "crimes against humanity (that)
were and continue to be committed in Afghanistan." Asif Ali Zardari became
the first elected president of Pakistan ever to serve out a full term.
Venezuelan strongman Hugo Chavez died, leaving a regime
that Human Rights Watch concluded had "free rein to intimidate, censor and
prosecute Venezuelans who criticized the president or thwarted his political
agenda."
Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff went to the UN to
excoriate the U.S. National Security Agency for spying on her people. "The
right to safety of citizens of one country," she declared, "can never
be guaranteed by violating fundamental human rights of citizens of another
country."
She might have added that violating the rights of one's
own citizens is also a bad idea. But, judging from this year, it's a bad idea
whose time has not yet passed.
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